Cooling through quantum criticality and many-body effects in condensed matter and cold gases

摘要

This article reviews some recent developments for new cooling technologies inthe fields of condensed matter physics and cold gases, both from anexperimental and theoretical point of view. The main idea is to make use ofdistinct many-body interactions of the system to be cooled which can be somecooling stage or the material of interest itself, as is the case in cold gases.For condensed matter systems, we discuss magnetic cooling schemes based on alarge magnetocaloric effect as a result of a nearby quantum phase transitionand consider effects of geometrical frustration. For ultracold gases, we reviewmany-body cooling techniques, such as spin-gradient and Pomeranchuk cooling,which can be applied in the presence of an optical lattice. We compare thecooling performance of these new techniques with that of conventionalapproaches and discuss state-of-the-art applications.